The presence of "ibu-ibu berjilbab" (veiled mothers/women) in
Digital Literacy and Hoaxes: As active users of WhatsApp and Facebook, this demographic is often targeted by misinformation. Improving digital literacy among Ibu-Ibu is a major social focus to prevent the spread of religious or political hoaxes.
While the image of the Ibu Berjilbab is pious, the reality for millions in the lower-middle class is economic vulnerability. One of the most pressing social issues is the exploitation of these women by predatory fintech lending apps and multi-level marketing (MLM) schemes.
Cultural Roles of Ibu-Ibu Berjilbab