Atomic And Molecular Spectra Laser By Rajkumar Pdf 56

Atomic and Molecular Spectra: A Comprehensive Review of Laser Spectroscopy by Rajkumar

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2.3 Hot Bands

• Transitions from ( v = 1 \to 2 ), etc.
• Intensity decreases with increasing ( v ).

7. Example: Sodium D-Line – From Lamp to Laser

The sodium D-line (589.0 and 589.6 nm) originates from ( 3p \rightarrow 3s ) transition. With a low-pressure sodium lamp, the line is Doppler-broadened (( \sim 3 ) GHz at 500 K). With a tunable diode laser locked to the D-line, one can: Transitions from ( v = 1 \to 2 ), etc

1. Fundamentals of Atomic Spectra

Atoms emit or absorb light at discrete wavelengths because their electrons occupy quantized energy levels. When an electron transitions between levels ( E_i ) (initial) and ( E_f ) (final), the photon energy is: